朱氏一指禅推法联合电针治疗膝骨关节炎临床疗效观察

目的:对比朱氏一指禅推法联合电针与单纯电针治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效差异。方法:将100例入组患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察治疗前、治疗3周后及治疗后3个月随访VAS评分、WOMAC量表评分及测量膝关节活动度(ROM)。结果:两组患者治疗3周后及治疗后3个月随访,VAS和WOMAC量表评分及膝关节活动度均较治疗前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);VAS评分两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组改善WOMAC量表评分及膝关节活动度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组总有效率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:朱氏一指禅推法联合电针对膝骨关节炎治疗具有显著作用,尤其在改善关节僵硬、躯体功能障碍及恢复膝关节活动度方面更为明显。     

Risk Factors for Chronic Opioid Use Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Evidence from New Zealand Population Data

BackgroundPatients awaiting total joint arthroplasty (TJA) have high rates of opioid use, and many continue to use opioid medications long term after surgery. The objective of this study is to estimate the risk factors associated with chronic opioid use after TJA in a comprehensive population-based cohort.MethodsAll patients undergoing TJA in the New Zealand public healthcare system were identified from Ministry of Health records. Dispensing of opioid medications up to 3 years postsurgery and potential risk factors, including demographic, socioeconomic, and surgery-related characteristics, pre-existing medical comorbidities, and use of other analgesic medications prior to surgery, were identified from linked population databases. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with chronic postoperative opioid use.ResultsThe strongest risk factor for chronic postoperative opioid use was preoperative opioid use. Other significant risk factors included perioperative opioid use, history of alcohol or drug abuse, younger age, female gender, knee arthroplasty, several comorbid health conditions, and preoperative use of some analgesic medications. Protective factors included higher education levels and preoperative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Most risk factors had similar effects on chronic postoperative opioid use irrespective of the length of follow-up considered (1, 2, or 3 years).ConclusionThis study of a comprehensive nationwide population-based cohort of TJA patients with 3 years of follow-up identified several modifiable risk factors and other easily measured patient characteristics associated with higher risk of long-term postoperative opioid use.     

基于虚实辨证的补泻平衡手法治疗膝骨关节炎临床研究

目的观察补泻平衡手法治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效及对患者临床症状、体征的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将220例单膝骨关节炎患者分为治疗组和对照组各110例。治疗组予补泻平衡手法,对照组予常规推拿手法,均每次20 min,每日2次,1周为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。观察2组治疗前后及治疗后3、6个月全身临床症状、体征及中医证候评分,比较2组临床疗效及不良反应。结果与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后全身临床症状、体征评分明显降低(P<0.05),治疗组中医证候评分明显降低(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,治疗组全身临床症状、体征改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);与本组治疗后比较,2组治疗后3、6个月全身临床症状、体征评分升高。治疗组治疗后3、6个月中医证候评分升高,仍低于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率为91.8%(101/110),对照组为78.2%(86/110),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组均未见不良反应。结论补泻平衡手法与常规推拿手法治疗膝骨关节炎均有效,前者疗效优于后者,且中远期疗效更佳。     

碘乙酸钠诱导的大鼠膝骨关节炎模型肠道菌群变化及其潜在影响

目的:研究碘乙酸钠诱导的大鼠膝骨关节炎(KOA)模型肠道菌群变化情况,探究肠道菌群与KOA的潜在联系。方法:将SPF级大鼠分为空白对照组和KOA组,通过膝关节局部注射碘乙酸钠制造大鼠KOA模型。通过16SrDNA检测大鼠粪便中的肠道菌群变化情况,蛋白印记法检测结肠组织中NF-κB和TNF-α蛋白表达,RT-qPCR检测结肠组织中Caspase-1和IL-1β基因表达情况,苏木精-伊红染色观察结肠黏膜通透性变化,苏木精-伊红染色观察关节滑膜和软骨组织的病理变化情况。ELISA检测血液上清中LBP,IL-1β,TNF-α及IL-10炎症因子水平。结果:与空白对照组相比,从KOA组中筛选出明显变化的肠道菌群,以Akkermansia和疣微菌门变化最为显著,结肠黏膜通透性增加,结肠组织中NF-κB p65及TNF-α蛋白表达升高,结肠组织中Caspase-1和IL-1β基因表达升高,血液中促炎因子LBP,IL-1β及TNF-α蛋白含量升高,抗炎因子IL-10蛋白含量降低。结论:KOA病理状态下肠道菌群发生变化,结肠炎症反应增强,结肠炎症反应或许在提高全身炎症反应水平、促进与肠道菌群相关的KOA的病理进程中起到重要的桥梁作用。     

祛寒逐风合剂联合西医常规疗法治疗膝骨关节炎风寒痹阻证临床研究

目的观察祛寒逐风合剂联合西医常规疗法对膝骨关节炎风寒痹阻证的临床疗效,以及对关节症状及相关实验室指标的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将94例膝骨关节炎风寒痹阻证患者分为观察组和对照组各47例。对照组采用常规药物疗法+康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上予祛寒逐风合剂,每次50m L,每日3次,口服。2组均连续治疗2周。比较2组临床疗效,观察2组治疗前后美国西大略湖和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、压痛指数、中医症状评分,白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、骨钙素、抗酒石酸盐酸性磷酸酶异构体(TRACP)-5b、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、纤维蛋白原、红细胞沉降率和红细胞聚集指数,对2组进行安全性评价。结果观察组总有效率为89.36%(42/47),对照组为74.47%(35/47),观察组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后WOMAC评分、VAS评分、压痛指数、中医症状评分明显下降(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组WOMAC评分、VAS评分、压痛指数、中医症状评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、VEGF、TRACP-5b水平明显下降,骨钙素、BALP水平明显升高(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、VEGF、TRACP-5b水平明显低于对照组,骨钙素、BALP水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,观察组治疗后纤维蛋白原、红细胞沉降率、红细胞聚集指数明显下降(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组血液流变学各项指标明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组均未发生不良反应。结论祛寒逐风合剂联合西医常规疗法治疗膝骨关节炎风寒痹阻证患者疗效较好,可明显改善关节症状及相关实验室指标。     

关节镜结合放射治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎

[目的]探讨采用关节镜结合放射治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的方法及其临床应用价值。[方法]2000年1月～2003年7月,共收治14例膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者,采用关节镜下常规器械加双极射频进行关节内病变切除,术后弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎辅以放疗,13例通过10～45个月的随访,了解患膝活动度、疼痛、肿胀情况。[结果]13例随访患者,术前国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分为(58.7±6.4)分,最后随访时,IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为(86.5±5.7)分。[结论]通过关节镜能完成膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎滑膜较彻底切除,对弥漫性膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎辅以术后放疗是一种有效方法。     

前交叉韧带撕裂的MRI诊断

目的:研究膝关节前交叉韧带撕裂的MRI表现。方法:回顾分析30例经关节镜证实的前交叉韧带撕裂MR图像及40例完好的ACL,分析其直接及间接征象的特征。结果:在评价的直接征象中,ACL不连续和ACL走行异常均具有相对高的诊断敏感性、特异性;在评价的间接征象中,后交叉韧带角、Blumensaat角、后交叉韧带指数、半月板后移征、“对吻性”骨挫伤、胫骨前移位等6个征象具有相对高的特异性,后交叉韧带角、Blumensaat角具有较高的敏感性。结论:ACL损伤的直接征象为诊断主要依据,ACL损伤的间接征象具有辅助诊断意义。     

The modified outside-in suture: vertical repair of the anterior horn of the meniscus after decompression of a large meniscal cyst

This article describes a modified suture technique designed for the vertical repair of the anterior horn of the meniscus after arthroscopic decompression of a large meniscal cyst. This procedure comprises of three steps: first, the meniscus was pierced vertically using a suture hook and a No. 0 PDS suture. Second, both ends of the No. 0 PDS on the femoral and tibial surfaces of the meniscus were pulled to the outside of the joint capsule using a spinal needle preloaded with suture material. Finally, a skin incision was made adjacent to the suture materials, and both ends were tied. We recommend this technique not only for the vertical repair of the anterior horn of the meniscus after decompression of large meniscal cyst, but also to repair a longitudinal tear of the meniscus.     

Migration of a Kirschner wire from the greater trochanter to the popliteal fossa: a case report

Migration of Kirschner (K) wires from the upper extremity joints has often been reported, but it is less common from the lower extremities. In this report, we describe an 85-year-old man treated, during a hip replacement procedure, with a K-wire because of a trochanteric fracture; after one year, the K-wire was found in the popliteal fossa. This report illustrates the first case of K-wire migration in the popliteal area of the knee and suggests avoiding the use of free K-wires without any tension banding.     

后十字韧带重建后移植物组织学与胶原表型的变化

目的探讨采用半腱肌腱重建后十字韧带（posterior cruciate ligament,PCL）后移植物的组织学与胶原表型的变化.方法取20只成年新西兰大白兔,实验组18只切除右膝PCL后即刻用双股自体半腱肌腱重建,实验组于术后3、6、52周各处死动物2只,12、26周各处死动物6只,切取半腱肌腱移植物;对照组2只直接切取半腱肌腱和PCL.标本采用HE、甲苯胺蓝以及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原免疫组化染色观察移植物的组织学与胶原表型变化,并与正常半腱肌腱和PCL进行比较.结果常规组织化学染色显示正常半腱肌腱和PCL在细胞构成上有明显的差别,PCL内可见软骨样细胞;重建后的移植物经过坏死、细胞重新长入、胶原形成和重塑阶段,52周时形成的结构类似于正常PCL,但在纤维排列上与正常PCL仍有差异.免疫组织化学染色结果显示正常PCL纤维内部仅有Ⅰ型胶原表达,重建韧带Ⅰ型胶原染色随时间延长从少到多,Ⅲ型胶原染色从多到少,52周时移植物内局部仍有表达.结论采用半腱肌腱重建PCL 52周时移植物和正常PCL结构相似,但仍有差异.